​The Universe

Yours to Discover
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  • Solar System
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Earth


Earth, our home planet, is the only planet in our solar system known to harbor life. All of the things we need to survive are provided under a thin layer of atmosphere that separates us from the uninhabitable void of space. Earth is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable. Air, water, land, and life - including humans - combine forces to create a constantly changing world that we are always striving to fully understand.
Picture
Viewing Earth from the unique perspective of space provides the opportunity to see Earth as a whole. Scientists around the world have discovered many things about our planet by working together and sharing their findings.

Some facts are well known. For instance, Earth is the third planet from the sun and the fifth largest in the solar system. Earth's diameter is just a few hundred kilometers larger than that of Venus. The four seasons are a result of Earth's axis of rotation being tilted more than 23 degrees.

Oceans at least 4 kilometres deep cover nearly 70 percent of Earth's surface. Fresh water exists in the liquid phase only within a narrow temperature span (0 to 100 degrees Celsius). This temperature span is especially narrow when contrasted with the full range of temperatures found within the solar system. The presence and distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere is responsible for much of Earth's weather.

Protective Atmosphere

Near the surface, an ocean of air that consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other ingredients envelops us. This atmosphere affects Earth's long-term climate and short-term local weather; shields us from nearly all harmful radiation coming from the sun; and protects us from meteors as well. Satellites have revealed that the upper atmosphere actually swells by day and contracts by night due to solar activity.

Our planet's rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to a magnetic field, which the solar wind distorts into a teardrop shape. The solar wind is a stream of charged particles continuously ejected from the sun. The magnetic field does not fade off into space, but has definite boundaries. When charged particles from the solar wind become trapped in Earth's magnetic field, they collide with air molecules above our planet's magnetic poles. These air molecules then begin to glow and are known as the aurorae, or the Northern and Southern Lights.

Text courtesy NASA/JPL




Click on the image below to download the Earth lithograph and learn more about this planet.
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Brought to you by the AstroDome Planetarium, Astronomer 4 Hire, and the Big Sky Astronomical Society
Sky Science
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  • Solar System
    • Sun
    • Mercury
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  • Home
  • Sky Science - Part 1
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  • Sky Science - Part 3
  • Sky Science - Part 4 (UC)
  • Sky Science - Part 5 (UC)
  • Sky Science - Part 6
  • Sky Science - Part 7
  • Sky Science - Part 8 (UC)
  • Sky Science - Part 9 (UC)
  • Sky Science - Part 10 (UC)
  • Sky Science - Part 11 (UC)
  • Solar System
    • Sun
    • Mercury
    • Venus
    • Earth
    • Moon
    • Mars
    • Asteroids
    • Meteors & Meteorites
    • Jupiter
    • Saturn
    • Uranus
    • Neptune
    • Pluto and Charon
    • Kuiper Belt & Oort Cloud
    • Comets
  • Stars
    • Binary & Multiple Stars
    • Black Holes
    • Brown Dwarfs
    • Neutron Stars
    • Star Clusters
    • White Dwarfs
  • Constellations
    • Andromeda
    • Orion
    • Perseus
  • Documents & Resources
    • Ask an Astronomer Blog
    • Ask An Astronomer 1
    • Ask An Astronomer 2
    • AstroViewer
    • Film Festival
    • ISS Tracker
    • Sky Science Quiz
    • Tonight's Sky
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  • Under Construction (UC)
    • Eclipses
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